{"id":29126,"date":"2025-10-14T05:34:40","date_gmt":"2025-10-14T05:34:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tpagriside.com.cy\/tytanit-polupleuros-viodiegertis-fytwn\/"},"modified":"2026-07-16T10:03:01","modified_gmt":"2026-07-16T10:03:01","slug":"tytanit-polupleuros-viodiegertis-fytwn","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tpagriside.com.cy\/en\/tytanit-polupleuros-viodiegertis-fytwn\/","title":{"rendered":"Tytanit: multifaceted plant biostimulant"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Dr. Stylianos Katerinis<\/strong>
Director of the Technical Department<\/strong>
of Agriside Crop Care<\/strong><\/p>

Titanium is a recently studied beneficial element for agriculture.<\/strong>
It acts synergistically with iron in chlorophyll production and photosynthesis, activates enzymes, and enhances the functionality and development of leaves and vascular tissues. In this way, it improves the absorption of nutrients from the soil, especially potassium.<\/p>

It increases calcium mobility within the plant and promotes abundant fruit set with many fertile seeds in multi-seeded fruits, leading to high yield and quality.<\/p>

Tytanit\u00ae<\/strong>, thanks to\u00a0aTIUM\u00ae technology<\/strong>, provides plants with immediately bioavailable titanium. It is marketed in Greece as a\u00a0plant biostimulant<\/strong> with CE certification [\u039a\u039b\u03a0 6(\u0392)], in accordance with Regulation 2019\/1009\/EU<\/p>

Titanium (Ti)<\/strong>\u00a0is a low-density metal and the ninth most abundant element on Earth. It forms light and durable alloys with other metals, which find applications in industry. Its dioxide (TiO\u2082) is used in chemical products and, in small concentrations, in food as an additive (E171). Traces are also detected in the human body. In nature, most plants cannot absorb it. However, when supplied in low concentrations, it acts as an inorganic biostimulant for plants, offering multiple benefits for their growth.<\/p><\/div>

The beneficial action of Ti in plants<\/strong><\/p>

A large number of studies conducted over the past 50 years on a wide range of cultivated plant species have documented the multidimensional biostimulant role of titanium in nutrition, growth, biomass accumulation, productivity, and crop quality. Many researchers report that the exogenous application of Ti led to an increase in plant resistance and productivity by\u00a05% to as much as 30%<\/strong>\u00a0across many cultivated species. In addition, improvements in\u00a0Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE)<\/strong>\u00a0by plants have also been documented.<\/p>

Modes of action of Ti in plants<\/strong><\/p>

The mechanisms of Ti action within the plant are mainly based on:<\/strong><\/p>

a) its synergistic interaction with iron (Fe),<\/p>

b) its contribution to the activation of enzymes and the improved utilization of the elements: iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), and nitrogen (N),<\/p>

c) the enhancement of calcium (Ca) and potassium (K) mobility, facilitating their absorption, transport, and distribution within plant tissues.<\/p>

The stimulation of enzymatic activity caused by titanium (Ti) is mainly associated with enzymes whose function depends on iron (Fe), either directly (peroxidase, catalase) or indirectly (nitrate reductase). At the same time, the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments is also Fe-dependent. After Ti application, an increase in Fe\u00b2\u207a concentration is observed in plant cells, which is linked to the promotion of ferritin synthesis, thereby contributing to improved storage and utilization of Fe (Fe homeostasis) by plants.<\/p>

More effective utilization of Fe, Mg, and N leads to increased chlorophyll content, intensified photosynthesis, and an increase in the size and functionality of leaves and vascular tissues, resulting in improved nutrient uptake\u2014especially of potassium (K).<\/p>

In addition, Ti enhances the translocation of nutrients within plants, particularly calcium (Ca), which leads to an increase in stigmatic exudate (sticky substance) on the flower stigma, thereby improving fertilization and fruit quality.<\/p>

Ultimately, this results in improved plant growth, vigor, and resilience, as well as higher yield and better production quality.<\/p>

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>

More specifically, Ti, when applied foliarly at low concentrations, has been experimentally shown to:<\/strong><\/p>

  1. Promote chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis:<\/strong><\/li>
  2. Ti enhances chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis, mainly through its synergistic action with iron (Fe). Specifically, Ti intervenes in the redox process, acting as a\u00a0redox catalyst<\/strong>, and boosts electron transfer from Photosystem I to Photosystem II. It participates in the Ti\u2074\u207a\/Ti\u00b3\u207a and Fe\u00b3\u207a\/Fe\u00b2\u207a cycles. For example, when iron increases its valence from Fe\u00b2\u207a to Fe\u00b3\u207a, Ti reduces from Ti\u2074\u207a to Ti\u00b3\u207a and vice versa, thereby ensuring balance. This equilibrium contributes to better utilization of Fe and enhances the green coloration of leaves.<\/li>
  3. Stimulate the activity of several enzymes:<\/strong><\/li>
  4. Ti activates important enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase, lipoxygenase, phosphofructokinase, nitrate reductase, etc., thus stimulating metabolism, including nitrate metabolism. Plants with sufficient nitrogen respond positively to Ti application, while legumes show improved nitrogen-fixation efficiency.<\/li>
  5. Improve the size and functionality of leaves and vascular tissues and, consequently, nutrient uptake by the roots:<\/strong><\/li>
  6. Uptake of N, K, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn & Mn is enhanced, as well as their mobility within the plant\u2014particularly Ca and K. Increased nitrate absorption is also a result of more intensive photosynthesis (nitrate photoassimilation, nitrate transporter gene expression). Since metabolism is simultaneously more intensive, absorption of other nutrients (K, P, Mg, Ca) is also facilitated.<\/li>
  7. Improve flower fertilization and fruit set, with more fertile seeds in multi-seeded fruits:<\/strong><\/li>
  8. This allows seeds to be better nourished by the plant. Thanks to improved Ca mobility, more Ca is translocated to the stigma, increasing the amount and fluidity of the stigmatic exudate. As a result, more pollen grains adhere for longer. This leads to the development of more pollen tubes, and with sufficient boron (B), more effective fertilization occurs, producing a higher number of fertile ovules. This results in better quality, size, and weight of fruits, especially in multi-seeded ones.<\/li>
  9. Increase fruit vitamin C content,<\/strong>\u00a0improving their nutritional value.<\/li>
  10. Enhance pigment content:<\/strong><\/li>
  11. Ti promotes the synthesis of natural pigments such as anthocyanins, \u03b2-carotene, and xanthophylls, thereby improving fruit color and gloss.<\/li>
  12. Improve fruit nutrition, weight, size, and firmness,<\/strong>\u00a0thanks to the combination of good fruit set (number of fertile seeds) and efficient nutrient uptake and mobility, including Ca.<\/li>
  13. Increase biomass and yield:<\/strong><\/li>
  14. The stimulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis, enhanced photosynthesis, enzymatic activity, and nutrient absorption lead to significant increases in plant biomass and productivity.<\/li>
  15. Strengthen plant tolerance to abiotic stresses,<\/strong>\u00a0mainly due to enzyme activation.<\/li>
  16. Enhance seed germination and seedling development<\/strong>\u00a0after seed soaking in Ti solution.<\/li><\/ol>
    \"\"<\/figure><\/div>
    \"\"<\/figure><\/div>

    Experimental data on Titanium<\/strong><\/p>

    Experimental studies since 1974 have shown that foliar application of Titanium:<\/strong><\/p>

    • Resulted in\u00a039% and 35.7% increase of Fe content<\/strong>\u00a0in peach peel and flesh (2004), as well as an increase in Fe concentration in pepper leaves (1995).<\/li>
    • Increased chlorophyll a and b concentration and total chlorophyll in\u00a0bean (1983), wheat (2014),<\/strong>\u00a0and other plant species.<\/li>
    • Improved\u00a0photosynthesis efficiency and growth<\/strong>\u00a0in spinach (2007).<\/li>
    • Enhanced\u00a0nutrient uptake (K, N, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn), vitamin C and lycopene content, fruit quality, and total yield<\/strong>\u00a0in greenhouse tomato (2013 & 2014), and vitamin C in pepper fruits (1993).<\/li>
    • Increased\u00a0\u03b2-carotene and xanthophyll concentrations<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0capsanthin content 1.4-fold<\/strong>\u00a0in hot red pepper (1997).<\/li>
    • Increased\u00a0vitamin C content and anthocyanin concentration<\/strong>\u00a0in strawberry fruits (2007).<\/li>
    • Stimulated\u00a0nitrate reductase activity in beans (1974)<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0lipoxygenase and phosphofructokinase activity in tomato (1988).<\/strong><\/li>
    • Increased the activity of\u00a0superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzymes in potato (2017).<\/strong><\/li>
    • Improved\u00a0coloration, ripening, and firmness at harvest<\/strong>\u00a0in peaches and nectarines, while\u00a0reducing weight loss during storage<\/strong>\u00a0(2004).<\/li>
    • Reduced stress in wheat crops caused by heavy metals in the soil after application of 5 mg\/L Ti-ascorbate solution (2002).<\/li>
    • Increased bean dry matter by\u00a020%<\/strong>\u00a0after spraying with 1 mg\/L water-soluble Ti (1983), and also increased apple yield (1991).<\/li>
    • In pepper crops, foliar spraying with Ti solution at 2 mg\/L increased\u00a0biomass production (1995)<\/strong>, while in tomato (1983) yield increased by\u00a010.2%<\/strong>. Foliar application of chelated Ti solution at 1 mg\/L increased\u00a0peach yield by 22.1%<\/strong>\u00a0and in cabbage by\u00a015.7%<\/strong>\u00a0with 2 mg\/L chelated Ti.<\/li><\/ul>

      The product TYTANIT\u00ae by INTERMAG<\/strong><\/h3>

      TYTANIT\u00ae<\/strong>, a liquid Ti formulation from the multinational Polish company\u00a0INTERMAG sp. z o.o.<\/strong>, is a patented\u00a0plant biostimulant<\/strong>\u00a0and the only Ti product in Greece certified with a CE mark as a plant biostimulant [\u039a\u039b\u03a0 6(\u0392)], for improving crop performance.<\/p>

      It contains\u00a00.8% w\/w (8.5 g\/L) titanium<\/strong>\u00a0in the form of the patented organic molecule\u00a0aTIUM\u00ae<\/strong>, which guarantees rapid Ti absorption within hours of application and high product efficacy. A key scientific challenge was finding a stable Ti molecule with good water solubility, rapid and efficient plant uptake, and high effectiveness. After\u00a020 years of research<\/strong>, INTERMAG succeeded in creating the\u00a0aTIUM\u00ae molecule<\/strong>\u00a0at the end of the 1990s with these properties.<\/p>

      TYTANIT\u00ae<\/strong>\u00a0is suitable for use on all crops, with\u00a02\u20134 foliar applications<\/strong>\u00a0during the crop cycle\u2014from young leaf development, just before or at the onset of flowering, and in the early stages of fruit or harvestable organ development. Applications are especially beneficial under plant stress conditions.<\/p>

      • Recommended dose:<\/strong>\u00a020\u201340 cc per stremma (0.1 ha).<\/li>
      • pH:<\/strong>\u00a03.5 \u00b1 0.4.<\/li>
      • Exhibits\u00a0excellent miscibility and compatibility<\/strong>\u00a0with almost all agrochemicals and microbial products.<\/li>
      • Fully and immediately water-soluble, rapidly absorbed by leaves, with strong biostimulant properties.<\/li>
      • Shows excellent stability during storage.<\/li>
      • According to independent studies, it is\u00a0environmentally friendly, safe for bees, and non-toxic.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>

        Experimental data on TYTANIT\u00ae<\/strong><\/h3>

        Beyond its long-standing use in many countries, both older and more recent trials in various regions have demonstrated the\u00a0high effectiveness of TYTANIT\u00ae in increasing yields<\/strong>\u00a0of numerous vegetable, fruit, and arable crops, by\u00a09% to 29%.<\/strong><\/p>

        Indicatively, after recommended foliar applications in relevant trials:<\/p>

        Strawberry yield increased by\u00a022%<\/strong>\u00a0(Poland).<\/p>

        Apple yield increased by\u00a013%<\/strong>\u00a0(Italy).<\/p>

        Tomato yield increased by\u00a025%<\/strong>\u00a0(Italy).<\/p>

        \"\"<\/figure><\/div>

        Examples of recent trials with foliar applications of Tytanit<\/strong><\/p>

        • After\u00a0two foliar applications at a dose of 0.2 L \/ 10 stremmata<\/strong>, leaf chlorophyll content and nutrient uptake increased significantly in a\u00a0wheat crop<\/strong>\u00a0(Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Kov\u00e1\u010dik et al., 2014). In the same year, a\u00a0corn trial<\/strong>\u00a0by the National Institute of Plant Protection in Poland showed that\u00a0three sprays of 4 L\/ha<\/strong>\u00a0at the 4-leaf, 10-leaf, and pre-tasseling stages resulted in a\u00a010.5% yield increase<\/strong>, while similar applications in\u00a0soybean<\/strong>\u00a0at the 4\u20136 leaf stage, early flowering, and post-fruit set led to a\u00a012.9% yield increase<\/strong>.<\/li>
        • A\u00a0two-year trial (2013\u20132014) on Topaz apple trees<\/strong>\u00a0in Poland (University of Agriculture in Krakow) with\u00a0two pre-flowering foliar sprays at 0.2 L \/ 10 stremmata<\/strong>\u00a0showed, in both years, a significant increase in the number of fertile seeds (9\u201310), an\u00a018.7% increase in average fruit weight<\/strong>, a\u00a05.8% increase in fruit diameter<\/strong>, and a notable rise in yield per tree. Trials in Italy also reported a\u00a016% increase in average fruit weight<\/strong>\u00a0and a\u00a013% yield increase<\/strong>.<\/li>
        • At the\u00a0University of Maribor, Slovenia (2015\u20132017)<\/strong>, two spring foliar sprays on grapevines at 0.2 L\/ha led to an increase in\u00a0leaf area per vine<\/strong>\u00a0of\u00a015.1%, 20.3%, and 28.5%<\/strong>\u00a0over three consecutive years compared to untreated controls. Yields also improved, with an\u00a0average increase of 11%<\/strong>.<\/li>
        • A\u00a02018 trial at the Polish Institute of Horticulture<\/strong>\u00a0showed that\u00a0three foliar applications at 0.2 L\/ha<\/strong>\u00a0increased the\u00a0average number of tomato fruits per plant by 20.5%<\/strong>\u00a0compared to the untreated control.<\/li>
        • A\u00a02020 independent trial in Romania<\/strong>\u00a0on winter wheat by\u00a0SC Eurofins Agroscience Services SRL<\/strong>:\u00a0two foliar sprays at BBCH stages 31 and 56 at 0.2 L \/ 10 stremmata<\/strong>\u00a0resulted in a\u00a015.6% yield increase vs. untreated control<\/strong>\u00a0and a\u00a010.9% increase vs. another biostimulant<\/strong>. Protein content also rose by\u00a022.9% vs. untreated control<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a09.75% vs. another biostimulant<\/strong>. Similar significant yield increases were reported in trials in Poland and Slovakia.<\/li>
        • A\u00a02020 trial in Romania on sunflower<\/strong>\u00a0with\u00a0two foliar sprays at BBCH 17 and BBCH 53 at 0.2 L \/ 10 stremmata<\/strong>\u00a0showed a\u00a013.7% yield increase vs. untreated control<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a08.8% vs. another biostimulant<\/strong>, as well as a rise in oil content by\u00a02.2% vs. untreated control<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a01.7% vs. another biostimulant<\/strong>.<\/li>
        • A\u00a02020 potato trial in Poland<\/strong>\u00a0with\u00a0two applications at 0.2 L\/ha<\/strong>\u00a0(when plants reached 10 cm and at tuber initiation) showed a\u00a013.9% increase in total yield<\/strong>\u00a0and a\u00a016.5% increase in marketable yield<\/strong>.<\/li>
        • A\u00a02021 trial at the University of Agriculture in Krakow, Poland, on cherry trees<\/strong>: after\u00a0three foliar applications (pre-bloom, early bloom, and post-fruit set at calyx fall) at 0.2 L\/ha<\/strong>, there was\u00a0almost a doubling of the average number of pollen grains on the stigma<\/strong>, a\u00a070.8% increase in fruit set<\/strong>, and a\u00a034.1% increase in average fruit weight<\/strong>\u00a0compared to untreated controls.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Dr. Stylianos KaterinisDirector of the Technical Departmentof Agriside Crop Care Titanium is a recently studied beneficial element for agriculture.It acts synergistically with iron in chlorophyll production and..<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":29057,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[119],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29126","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agriculture"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/tpagriside.com.cy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Tytanit-5L-GR-1-1.png","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tpagriside.com.cy\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29126","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tpagriside.com.cy\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tpagriside.com.cy\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tpagriside.com.cy\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tpagriside.com.cy\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29126"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/tpagriside.com.cy\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29126\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29131,"href":"https:\/\/tpagriside.com.cy\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29126\/revisions\/29131"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tpagriside.com.cy\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29057"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tpagriside.com.cy\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29126"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tpagriside.com.cy\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29126"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tpagriside.com.cy\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29126"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}